1. The use of several or many medically-prescribed drugs at the same time for the management of chronic systemic diseases may be necessary in the elderly, and is a recognized risk factor for dental disease. Which of the following statements best explains why the risk of dental disease is increased in these circumstances-

2. Fluoride is an important contributor to oral health in young people. Which of the following statements concerning fluoride use in the elderly is correct-

3. In providing care for a high dependency elderly patient, it may be necessary to provide care in the patient’s home or institutional setting. What is the best among the following approaches relative to oral hygiene procedures in that circumstance-

4. Elderly patients with no dependency or low dependency can be monitored at regular intervals through office visits. Which of the following statements best summarizes the approach that should be taken relative to management of existing restorations in such patients-

5. Electric toothbrushes are becoming widely available at a cost level that many patients can afford. Which of the following statements best describes the advisability of electric toothbrush use in the elderly-

6. In high dependency patients it may be necessary to consider repair of a grossly defective margin of an existing dental amalgam restoration, rather than replacement of the restoration. Which of the following statements best describes the balance of ethical considerations in that circumstance-

7. Chlorhexidine at appropriate concentrations can be used safely and effectively in teenagers and young adults as an adjunct to reducing high caries activity and treating acute periodontal infection. Which of the following statements concerning chlorhexidine use in the elderly is correct-

8. The term ‘posterior support’ refers to the number of ‘units’ that remain in functional contact following loss of one or more posterior teeth, where molars score 2 units and bicuspids score 1 unit each. What is the accepted minimum number of units, properly opposed to each other, that will prevent collapse of the occlusion-

9. Which of the following is the most effective action in minimizing the risk of mercury vapour in the dental clinic environment-

10. Dental amalgam, resin composite and glass-ionomer cement are the three basic restorative materials now available for the restoration of small to medium-sized defects in tooth structure. What is the greatest risk factor for longevity for all three-

11. Recurrent caries are relatively rare close to the margins of glass-ionomer cement restorations. What is the most likely reason for this-

12. A restoration is found to have developed recurrent caries at the gingival margin less than two years after placement. What is the most likely cause-

13. A resin composite restoration shows a minor breakdown on the occlusal margin of a moderately large posterior restoration. What is your treatment plan-

14. A moderate sized mesio-occlusal amalgam restoration fails at the occlusal isthmus. What is the most likely cause-

15. Glass-ionomer restorations on upper bicuspids that were placed less than a year ago are both looking rather ‘moth-eaten’ and less than ideal on the surface. What is the most likely cause-

16. Fissure sealants are a proven preventive measure for the development of caries lesions. Concerning the potential use of glass-ionomer cements as a fissure seal, which of the following statements is best supported by the clinical evidence-

33-year-old white female – “I have painful gums that bleed easily.”
Patient reports brushing one or two times daily with an electric toothbrush and flossing at night. She denies tobacco use.
Patient reports that she is 5 months pregnant. She started taking daytime naps due to fatigue. She does not brush her teeth before napping. Generalized moderate gingival erythema and edema with localized moderate gingival overgrowth occur in the anterior interproximal sites. There is generalized, severe marginal bleeding.
Generalized, slight plaque is localized to distal part of the second maxillary molars.

17. Periodontal disease in the mother has adverse effects on the fetus, including an elevated risk for a preterm, low-birth-weight infant-

33-year-old white female – “I have painful gums that bleed easily.”
Patient reports brushing one or two times daily with an electric toothbrush and flossing at night. She denies tobacco use.
Patient reports that she is 5 months pregnant. She started taking daytime naps due to fatigue. She does not brush her teeth before napping. Generalized moderate gingival erythema and edema with localized moderate gingival overgrowth occur in the anterior interproximal sites. There is generalized, severe marginal bleeding.
Generalized, slight plaque is localized to distal part of the second maxillary molars.

18. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient-

33-year-old white female – “I have painful gums that bleed easily.”
Patient reports brushing one or two times daily with an electric toothbrush and flossing at night. She denies tobacco use.
Patient reports that she is 5 months pregnant. She started taking daytime naps due to fatigue. She does not brush her teeth before napping. Generalized moderate gingival erythema and edema with localized moderate gingival overgrowth occur in the anterior interproximal sites. There is generalized, severe marginal bleeding.
Generalized, slight plaque is localized to distal part of the second maxillary molars.

19. What is the most reasonable etiology behind the diagnosis-

33-year-old white female – “I have painful gums that bleed easily.”
Patient reports brushing one or two times daily with an electric toothbrush and flossing at night. She denies tobacco use.
Patient reports that she is 5 months pregnant. She started taking daytime naps due to fatigue. She does not brush her teeth before napping. Generalized moderate gingival erythema and edema with localized moderate gingival overgrowth occur in the anterior interproximal sites. There is generalized, severe marginal bleeding.
Generalized, slight plaque is localized to distal part of the second maxillary molars.

20. This periodontal disease can manifest with the clinical finding of-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

21. What is the most probable etiology of the patient’s symptom-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

22. How is a bony defect associated with the etiology in Question 21 distinguished from periodontal diseases-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

23. What difficulty would you face if RCT is required on tooth 16-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

24. Which of the following teeth are frequently linked to vertical root cracks-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

 

25. The patient’s left side in occlusion is shown below-

Based on the clinical photo, the best interdental cleaning aid is-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

26. You decide to do scaling and root planing for this patient-
The working stroke for removing a heavy ledge of interproximal calculus should be-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

27. Final root planing strokes to achieve a smooth surface should be-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

28. When reevaluating the results of scaling and root planing after 4 weeks, the best indication of success is-

Male patient in his 50s “Pain on upper right with chewing.”
Patient is a nonsmoker, a healthy individual without systemic health concerns. Patient reports pain with chewing on upper right quadrant and points to an area between #16 and #15. Patient also notes some discomfort with gingival swelling around #16 toward the “inside.”
Findings:
(A) Periapical radiograph is unremarkable; #16 has large coronal restoration that is intact and #15 has previous endodontic therapy. Patient does not report temperature sensitivity, whereas #16 tests vital.
(B) Marginal gingiva is healthy around #16 and #15, except for a sinus tract directly palatal to the distobuccal cusp of #16.
(C) Guttapercha (GP) tracing led to the midroot area of #15.
(D) Probing depths around #16 and #15 are normal, except palatal of #15, which exhibits a 7- to 9-mm probing defect.
Endodontic access through an existing porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.

29. The patient says he struggles with dental floss to clean other areas of the mouth and you recommend using a water flosser.
As an alternative to string floss, the water flosser has been found to be-

Patient: 31-year-old female patient has a fractured crown on tooth #12 .
She is healthy and has no known drug allergies.

30. What is the major problem in restoring the tooth in its existing state-

Patient: 31-year-old female patient has a fractured crown on tooth #12 .
She is healthy and has no known drug allergies.

31. To provide a full crown restoration in this case, a surgical crown lengthening should be performed. Why-

Patient: 31-year-old female patient has a fractured crown on tooth #12 .
She is healthy and has no known drug allergies.

32. If it appears that a crown-lengthening surgery will result in an unaesthetic gingival level, what other treatment option should be considered-

Patient: 31-year-old female patient has a fractured crown on tooth #12 .
She is healthy and has no known drug allergies.

33. You see another patient with a tooth fracture.The patient recently fractured tooth #45, close to the bone crest. He has had previous endodontic treatment and is asymptomatic. The patient is healthy and has no known drug allergies.

Based on the photos presented, what treatment option is available to meet the patient’s desire for tooth retention-

“I have pain and swelling around my implant.”
Patient reports having the mandibular left central incisor replaced with an implant about 1.5 years ago. She did not have symptoms until recently when the gum over the implant became tender and swollen.
Non-smoker, no medical conditions or medications intake.
Exam reveals that general probing depths range from 2 to 3 mm. Dentition is intact except for the mandibular left lateral incisor, which is replaced with an implant. There is a 7- to 8-mm pocket on the labial area with moderate erythema and edema. The tissues easily retract away from the implant revealing excess cement. The implant crown is positioned facial to the adjacent teeth.

34. What is the diagnosis-

“I have pain and swelling around my implant.”
Patient reports having the mandibular left central incisor replaced with an implant about 1.5 years ago. She did not have symptoms until recently when the gum over the implant became tender and swollen.
Non-smoker, no medical conditions or medications intake.
Exam reveals that general probing depths range from 2 to 3 mm. Dentition is intact except for the mandibular left lateral incisor, which is replaced with an implant. There is a 7- to 8-mm pocket on the labial area with moderate erythema and edema. The tissues easily retract away from the implant revealing excess cement. The implant crown is positioned facial to the adjacent teeth.

35. What are the etiologic factors-

“I have pain and swelling around my implant.”
Patient reports having the mandibular left central incisor replaced with an implant about 1.5 years ago. She did not have symptoms until recently when the gum over the implant became tender and swollen.
Non-smoker, no medical conditions or medications intake.
Exam reveals that general probing depths range from 2 to 3 mm. Dentition is intact except for the mandibular left lateral incisor, which is replaced with an implant. There is a 7- to 8-mm pocket on the labial area with moderate erythema and edema. The tissues easily retract away from the implant revealing excess cement. The implant crown is positioned facial to the adjacent teeth.

36. What prosthetic measures can be taken to avoid this problem-

“I have pain and swelling around my implant.”
Patient reports having the mandibular left central incisor replaced with an implant about 1.5 years ago. She did not have symptoms until recently when the gum over the implant became tender and swollen.
Non-smoker, no medical conditions or medications intake.
Exam reveals that general probing depths range from 2 to 3 mm. Dentition is intact except for the mandibular left lateral incisor, which is replaced with an implant. There is a 7- to 8-mm pocket on the labial area with moderate erythema and edema. The tissues easily retract away from the implant revealing excess cement. The implant crown is positioned facial to the adjacent teeth.

37. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for implant placement-

“I have pain and swelling around my implant.”
Patient reports having the mandibular left central incisor replaced with an implant about 1.5 years ago. She did not have symptoms until recently when the gum over the implant became tender and swollen.
Non-smoker, no medical conditions or medications intake.
Exam reveals that general probing depths range from 2 to 3 mm. Dentition is intact except for the mandibular left lateral incisor, which is replaced with an implant. There is a 7- to 8-mm pocket on the labial area with moderate erythema and edema. The tissues easily retract away from the implant revealing excess cement. The implant crown is positioned facial to the adjacent teeth.

38. Next patient– “My front tooth is loose. It bothers me, and I would like an implant.”
Tooth 21 has class 2 mobility. There is no significant increase in probing pocket depth measurements. There is a fistula in the mucosa on the labial surface over tooth 21. The radiograph reveals an apical radiolucency and a large radiolucent lesion along the mesial aspect of tooth 21.
Teeth 21 and 22 both have root canal treatment and crowns. Tooth 22 does not have any notable lesions.

How should extraction site 21 be addressed-

“I have pain and swelling around my implant.”
Patient reports having the mandibular left central incisor replaced with an implant about 1.5 years ago. She did not have symptoms until recently when the gum over the implant became tender and swollen.
Non-smoker, no medical conditions or medications intake.
Exam reveals that general probing depths range from 2 to 3 mm. Dentition is intact except for the mandibular left lateral incisor, which is replaced with an implant. There is a 7- to 8-mm pocket on the labial area with moderate erythema and edema. The tissues easily retract away from the implant revealing excess cement. The implant crown is positioned facial to the adjacent teeth.

39. What type of tissue surrounding the implant can decrease the risk of peri-mucositis or peri-implantitis-

73-year-old woman reports pain and bleeding in the back upper left whenever she brushes.
The patient has hypertension, hypothyroidism, depression, and anxiety and takes medication for it. She has smoked half to three-quarters of a pack per day on and off since age 17.
She had tooth 24 25 26 fixed dental prosthesis restored 10 years ago. She reports no pain or discomfort associated with implants.
The patient has mild to moderate erythema and edema around 26 implant.
There is no buccal keratinized tissue, and there is 3 mm of buccal recession. Buccal mucosa is loose and poorly adapted. Periimplant probing depths are 4 to 5 mm. The first implant thread on the buccal aspect is detectable with the periodontal probe. There is heavy bioilm.

40. The clinical and radiographic information is adequate for diagnosis and treatment-

73-year-old woman reports pain and bleeding in the back upper left whenever she brushes.
The patient has hypertension, hypothyroidism, depression, and anxiety and takes medication for it. She has smoked half to three-quarters of a pack per day on and off since age 17.
She had tooth 24 25 26 fixed dental prosthesis restored 10 years ago. She reports no pain or discomfort associated with implants.
The patient has mild to moderate erythema and edema around 26 implant.
There is no buccal keratinized tissue, and there is 3 mm of buccal recession. Buccal mucosa is loose and poorly adapted. Periimplant probing depths are 4 to 5 mm. The first implant thread on the buccal aspect is detectable with the periodontal probe. There is heavy bioilm.

41. Based on the information provided, what is the likely diagnosis-

73-year-old woman reports pain and bleeding in the back upper left whenever she brushes.
The patient has hypertension, hypothyroidism, depression, and anxiety and takes medication for it. She has smoked half to three-quarters of a pack per day on and off since age 17.
She had tooth 24 25 26 fixed dental prosthesis restored 10 years ago. She reports no pain or discomfort associated with implants.
The patient has mild to moderate erythema and edema around 26 implant.
There is no buccal keratinized tissue, and there is 3 mm of buccal recession. Buccal mucosa is loose and poorly adapted. Periimplant probing depths are 4 to 5 mm. The first implant thread on the buccal aspect is detectable with the periodontal probe. There is heavy bioilm.

42. Treatment must begin with which of the following-

This patient is a 37-year-old woman. She reported a vague, slight discomfort in the maxillary anterior area and a more definite, transient salty taste.
The lesion in question is in the maxillary midline.

43. What is your diagnostic impression-

This patient is a 37-year-old woman. She reported a vague, slight discomfort in the maxillary anterior area and a more definite, transient salty taste.
The lesion in question is in the maxillary midline.

44. With what anatomic structure might this pathologic entity be confused-

This patient is a 37-year-old woman. She reported a vague, slight discomfort in the maxillary anterior area and a more definite, transient salty taste.
The lesion in question is in the maxillary midline.

45. What previous dental treatment has this patient had-

This 40-year-old man has restorations, active small and large caries, periodontal disease with horizontal bone loss with calculus, and erupted 3rd molars. The asymptomatic mandibular right 2nd molar is the main focus of this case: note the large and apparently deep restoration and the radiopaque area at the apex.

46. What is your diagnostic impression of the condition affecting the mandibular right 2nd molar-

This 40-year-old man has restorations, active small and large caries, periodontal disease with horizontal bone loss with calculus, and erupted 3rd molars. The asymptomatic mandibular right 2nd molar is the main focus of this case: note the large and apparently deep restoration and the radiopaque area at the apex.

47. What important clinical test would you perform to confirm your diagnosis-

This 40-year-old man has restorations, active small and large caries, periodontal disease with horizontal bone loss with calculus, and erupted 3rd molars. The asymptomatic mandibular right 2nd molar is the main focus of this case: note the large and apparently deep restoration and the radiopaque area at the apex.

48. What treatment (if any) is needed-

This 40-year-old man has restorations, active small and large caries, periodontal disease with horizontal bone loss with calculus, and erupted 3rd molars. The asymptomatic mandibular right 2nd molar is the main focus of this case: note the large and apparently deep restoration and the radiopaque area at the apex.

49. Do you see any caries in association with the lower 3rd molar? Does it need a restoration-

This is a 14-year-old teenager. She has several anomalous ribs, although you can see the clavicles are present. She has no facial swelling although she does have several small skin lesions.

50. What is your diagnostic impression-

This is a 14-year-old teenager. She has several anomalous ribs, although you can see the clavicles are present. She has no facial swelling although she does have several small skin lesions.

51. How would you manage these lesions-

This is a 14-year-old teenager. She has several anomalous ribs, although you can see the clavicles are present. She has no facial swelling although she does have several small skin lesions.

52. What skin lesions do you suspect she has-

This is a 14-year-old teenager. She has several anomalous ribs, although you can see the clavicles are present. She has no facial swelling although she does have several small skin lesions.

53. State the final probable diagnosis you have arrived to-

This is a 14-year-old teenager. She has several anomalous ribs, although you can see the clavicles are present. She has no facial swelling although she does have several small skin lesions.

54. You see another patient with hypoplastic or missing clavicles and a prominent forehead, What condition would you suspect-

This is a 14-year-old teenager. She has several anomalous ribs, although you can see the clavicles are present. She has no facial swelling although she does have several small skin lesions.

55. What would you look for in the jaws for the patient in Question 54-

This is a clinical picture of a 5-year-old child.

56. What abnormality do you notice-

This is a clinical picture of a 5-year-old child.

57. How may the permanent dentition be affected-

This is a clinical picture of a 5-year-old child.

58. Tooth which is most often atypical in size-

The next patient you see is the patient’s older brother-

59. What abnormality do you notice-

The next patient you see is the patient’s older brother-

60. What most common cause might have caused this abnormality-

This is a picture of an 8-year-old healthy child who has grown up in Melbourne. The mother is concerned as to why the front teeth look like this.
On careful questioning the patient had some trauma in childhood but otherwise he is fine and healthy and not taking any medication.

61. What has produced the defects in the front teeth-

This is a picture of an 8-year-old healthy child who has grown up in Melbourne. The mother is concerned as to why the front teeth look like this.
On careful questioning the patient had some trauma in childhood but otherwise he is fine and healthy and not taking any medication.

62. At what age did the problem occur-

This is a picture of an 8-year-old healthy child who has grown up in Melbourne. The mother is concerned as to why the front teeth look like this.
On careful questioning the patient had some trauma in childhood but otherwise he is fine and healthy and not taking any medication.

63. What is the optimum level of fluoride in drinking water in Australia-

This is a picture of an 8-year-old healthy child who has grown up in Melbourne. The mother is concerned as to why the front teeth look like this.
On careful questioning the patient had some trauma in childhood but otherwise he is fine and healthy and not taking any medication.

64. You decide to place a composite filling on the front tooth to mask the defect and decide to give local anesthetic injection, what is the maximum limit of Lidocaine you can safely give this patient-

This is a radiographic follow up of a now 10-year-old patient who sustained trauma 24 months back to his front tooth.

65. What can you see on the radiograph-

This is a radiographic follow up of a now 10-year-old patient who sustained trauma 24 months back to his front tooth.

66. On checking the previous records, you noticed the tooth had suffered lateral luxation injury 24 months back-
What treatment was performed at that time-

This is a radiographic follow up of a now 10-year-old patient who sustained trauma 24 months back to his front tooth.

67. What are you going to do now for this tooth-

This is a radiographic follow up of a now 10-year-old patient who sustained trauma 24 months back to his front tooth.

68. The long-term prognosis of such teeth even after treatment is-

This is a radiographic follow up of a now 10-year-old patient who sustained trauma 24 months back to his front tooth.

69. Why did the previous dentist not perform any treatment 24 months back when the injury happened-

This is a radiographic follow up of a now 10-year-old patient who sustained trauma 24 months back to his front tooth.

70. If the injury happened now, at 10 years of age, the pulp is most likely going to get necrotic and root canal treatment should be started and certain intra canal medicament are used to prevent inflammatory external resorption.
Which medicament should be used-