A female presented with displaced upper anterior teeth.
Medical and family histories were unremarkable.
Examination revealed a Class I dental pattern compensating for a Class II skeletal facial pattern with upper and lower anterior dental arch crowding. An OPG was taken and a periapical radiograph of the anterior maxilla region.

1. What is the significant anomaly in the periapical radiograph-

A female presented with displaced upper anterior teeth.
Medical and family histories were unremarkable.
Examination revealed a Class I dental pattern compensating for a Class II skeletal facial pattern with upper and lower anterior dental arch crowding. An OPG was taken and a periapical radiograph of the anterior maxilla region.

2. What other significant finding is seen on the OPG-

A female presented with displaced upper anterior teeth.
Medical and family histories were unremarkable.
Examination revealed a Class I dental pattern compensating for a Class II skeletal facial pattern with upper and lower anterior dental arch crowding. An OPG was taken and a periapical radiograph of the anterior maxilla region.

3. What should be your next step of treatment-

A female presented with displaced upper anterior teeth.
Medical and family histories were unremarkable.
Examination revealed a Class I dental pattern compensating for a Class II skeletal facial pattern with upper and lower anterior dental arch crowding. An OPG was taken and a periapical radiograph of the anterior maxilla region.

4. What do you think is the age of the child-

A female presented with displaced upper anterior teeth.
Medical and family histories were unremarkable.
Examination revealed a Class I dental pattern compensating for a Class II skeletal facial pattern with upper and lower anterior dental arch crowding. An OPG was taken and a periapical radiograph of the anterior maxilla region.

5. You check the patient’s brother next who complains of severe tenderness to biting on the front tooth-

What malformation is present-

A female presented with displaced upper anterior teeth.
Medical and family histories were unremarkable.
Examination revealed a Class I dental pattern compensating for a Class II skeletal facial pattern with upper and lower anterior dental arch crowding. An OPG was taken and a periapical radiograph of the anterior maxilla region.

6. What problems have arisen due to it-

A female presented with displaced upper anterior teeth.
Medical and family histories were unremarkable.
Examination revealed a Class I dental pattern compensating for a Class II skeletal facial pattern with upper and lower anterior dental arch crowding. An OPG was taken and a periapical radiograph of the anterior maxilla region.

7. How could this problem have been prevented-

A 54-year-old patient had rapidly developed a facial swelling following administration of a routine inferior alveolar nerve block for a lower left wisdom tooth restoration. The swelling continued to increase in size for 30 minutes and she had developed limited mouth opening. The patient also reported immediate pain at the site of injection but there was no airway risk and the patient was otherwise stable.
The patient’s medical history was clear. On clinical examination, there was a well-defined fluctuant buccal space swelling. The overlying skin was normal in colour but very tender to palpation. She had marked limited mouth opening at 20 mm and pain on opening. The distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve was completely anesthetized on presentation. Intra-oral examination was unremarkable with no defined swelling.

8. Based on the history and clinical examination, what do you think is happening-

A 54-year-old patient had rapidly developed a facial swelling following administration of a routine inferior alveolar nerve block for a lower left wisdom tooth restoration. The swelling continued to increase in size for 30 minutes and she had developed limited mouth opening. The patient also reported immediate pain at the site of injection but there was no airway risk and the patient was otherwise stable.
The patient’s medical history was clear. On clinical examination, there was a well-defined fluctuant buccal space swelling. The overlying skin was normal in colour but very tender to palpation. She had marked limited mouth opening at 20 mm and pain on opening. The distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve was completely anesthetized on presentation. Intra-oral examination was unremarkable with no defined swelling.

9. What could be the reason behind this-

A 54-year-old patient had rapidly developed a facial swelling following administration of a routine inferior alveolar nerve block for a lower left wisdom tooth restoration. The swelling continued to increase in size for 30 minutes and she had developed limited mouth opening. The patient also reported immediate pain at the site of injection but there was no airway risk and the patient was otherwise stable.
The patient’s medical history was clear. On clinical examination, there was a well-defined fluctuant buccal space swelling. The overlying skin was normal in colour but very tender to palpation. She had marked limited mouth opening at 20 mm and pain on opening. The distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve was completely anesthetized on presentation. Intra-oral examination was unremarkable with no defined swelling.

10. Short term management would include-

A 54-year-old patient had rapidly developed a facial swelling following administration of a routine inferior alveolar nerve block for a lower left wisdom tooth restoration. The swelling continued to increase in size for 30 minutes and she had developed limited mouth opening. The patient also reported immediate pain at the site of injection but there was no airway risk and the patient was otherwise stable.
The patient’s medical history was clear. On clinical examination, there was a well-defined fluctuant buccal space swelling. The overlying skin was normal in colour but very tender to palpation. She had marked limited mouth opening at 20 mm and pain on opening. The distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve was completely anesthetized on presentation. Intra-oral examination was unremarkable with no defined swelling.

11. How can you avoid this in the future-

Take a very close look at this radiograph which is from the right side of the Jaw of a child.

12. The first primary molar has undergone some treatment, what is it-

Take a very close look at this radiograph which is from the right side of the Jaw of a child.

13. What other feature can be noticed-

Take a very close look at this radiograph which is from the right side of the Jaw of a child.

14. What is the approximate age of the child-

Take a very close look at this radiograph which is from the right side of the Jaw of a child.

15. A year later the patient developed occasional pain associated with the 2nd primary molar which had a cavity involving the pulp, what treatment approach is desirable-

This is a picture of a 5-year-old child.

16. Apart from the left posterior cross-bite, what other problem do you notice-

This is a picture of a 5-year-old child.

17. How did the problem mentioned in the previous question arise-

This is a picture of a 5-year-old child.

18. What will you do about the cross-bite-

This is a picture of a 5-year-old child.

19. The patient mother asks you what type of toothpaste is suitable for her kid-

This is a picture of a 5-year-old child.

20. The mother tells you this is the child’s first dental visit, according to Australian Dental Association, when is the preferred time for the first dental visit of a child-

An 8-year-old child fractured the left central incisor due to Trauma 3
months back. He presented to you today with his mother.
There was pulpal involvement at the time of the trauma.
The patient saw a dentist at that time who placed a temporary filling which fell off in few weeks after the trauma
The patient has no pain complaints today.

21. What was the corrective emergency treatment at the time of the injury-

An 8-year-old child fractured the left central incisor due to Trauma 3
months back. He presented to you today with his mother.
There was pulpal involvement at the time of the trauma.
The patient saw a dentist at that time who placed a temporary filling which fell off in few weeks after the trauma
The patient has no pain complaints today.

22. Today you notice there is a small pimple in the labial vestibule with small amount of pus drainage-
What might this indicate-

An 8-year-old child fractured the left central incisor due to Trauma 3
months back. He presented to you today with his mother.
There was pulpal involvement at the time of the trauma.
The patient saw a dentist at that time who placed a temporary filling which fell off in few weeks after the trauma
The patient has no pain complaints today.

23. What treatment will most possibly be required now-

An 8-year-old child fractured the left central incisor due to Trauma 3
months back. He presented to you today with his mother.
There was pulpal involvement at the time of the trauma.
The patient saw a dentist at that time who placed a temporary filling which fell off in few weeks after the trauma
The patient has no pain complaints today.

24. What is the minimum time required to wait until sensibility tests after trauma might be considered reliable-

An 8-year-old child fractured the left central incisor due to Trauma 3
months back. He presented to you today with his mother.
There was pulpal involvement at the time of the trauma.
The patient saw a dentist at that time who placed a temporary filling which fell off in few weeks after the trauma
The patient has no pain complaints today.

25. The mother is angry with the previous dentist regarding the treatment protocol taken at that time and wants to complain about the previous dentist.
What to do-

An 8-year-old child fractured the left central incisor due to Trauma 3
months back. He presented to you today with his mother.
There was pulpal involvement at the time of the trauma.
The patient saw a dentist at that time who placed a temporary filling which fell off in few weeks after the trauma
The patient has no pain complaints today.

26. You see another trauma patient, 13 years old, during your evening shift with complicated crown fracture which happened 2 hours ago-

According to the clinical picture, what treatment is best suited for the situation-

This picture is of an 8-year-old child.
The mother is concerned about the spacing between the teeth.
The child is medically fit and healthy.

27. What name is given to this stage of development-

This picture is of an 8-year-old child.
The mother is concerned about the spacing between the teeth.
The child is medically fit and healthy.

28. What is the reason for this appearance-

This picture is of an 8-year-old child.
The mother is concerned about the spacing between the teeth.
The child is medically fit and healthy.

29. What management strategy should be implemented at this stage-

This picture is of an 8-year-old child.
The mother is concerned about the spacing between the teeth.
The child is medically fit and healthy.

30. What is the normal age of eruption of the permanent canines-

This 4-year-old fractured the Primary maxillary central incisor,Tooth 61 a few hours ago.
The fractured segment is loose.
There is pulp exposure and the fracture line extends very deep sub-gingivally.
You are practicing in a rural set-up.

31. What is the FIRST thing you will do after examination-

This 4-year-old fractured the Primary maxillary central incisor,Tooth 61 a few hours ago.
The fractured segment is loose.
There is pulp exposure and the fracture line extends very deep sub-gingivally.
You are practicing in a rural set-up.

32. Radiographs are essential documentation after a traumatic injury, which radiograph will you recommend to use in this case-

This 4-year-old fractured the Primary maxillary central incisor,Tooth 61 a few hours ago.
The fractured segment is loose.
There is pulp exposure and the fracture line extends very deep sub-gingivally.
You are practicing in a rural set-up.

33. What treatment will be suitable for this case-

This 4-year-old fractured the Primary maxillary central incisor,Tooth 61 a few hours ago.
The fractured segment is loose.
There is pulp exposure and the fracture line extends very deep sub-gingivally.
You are practicing in a rural set-up.

34. You called the patient for a follow up after 1 week. During the follow up, you noticed the Tooth 51 has dark gray discoloration.

What should you do-

This 4-year-old fractured the Primary maxillary central incisor,Tooth 61 a few hours ago.
The fractured segment is loose.
There is pulp exposure and the fracture line extends very deep sub-gingivally.
You are practicing in a rural set-up.

35. Few months later the child’s brother presented to you with an avulsed primary central incisor, what are you going to do for him-

12-year-old child presented to you with swelling of the gums.
Medically he has epilepsy which is controlled by medication.
He brushes his teeth once a day and uses a fluoride containing toothpaste.

36. What do you think might be the reason of his gum enlargement-

12-year-old child presented to you with swelling of the gums.
Medically he has epilepsy which is controlled by medication.
He brushes his teeth once a day and uses a fluoride containing toothpaste.

37. What treatment is needed at this time-

12-year-old child presented to you with swelling of the gums.
Medically he has epilepsy which is controlled by medication.
He brushes his teeth once a day and uses a fluoride containing toothpaste.

38. While examining, the patient starts to have a seizure attack on the dental chair, what measure should NOT be taken-

12-year-old child presented to you with swelling of the gums.
Medically he has epilepsy which is controlled by medication.
He brushes his teeth once a day and uses a fluoride containing toothpaste.

39. The next morning, the patient’s mother, who is an immunocompromised patient, came to have a tooth pulled out. She is suffering from Chronic Hepatitis C.
The patient’s physician prescribed cephalexin 2 gm, to be taken prior to the dental treatment. The patient presents to the dental office with a rash and itching on the chest, neck, and arms.
Each of the following is an appropriate next step EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION-

12-year-old child presented to you with swelling of the gums.
Medically he has epilepsy which is controlled by medication.
He brushes his teeth once a day and uses a fluoride containing toothpaste.

40. All of the following may be indications for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, except-

41. Physician referral is most urgent for the treatment of-

42. The maximum recommended dose of epinephrine in a patient with cardiac risk is-

43. Many antihypertensives medications are associated with-

44. Which class of antihypertensive medications can cause Gingival Enlargement-

45. Dental treatment in hypertensive patients necessitates special attention, because-

46. It is generally recommended that elective dental procedures be avoided in patients with a blood pressure of greater than-

47. The patient is taking aspirin which can put him at a greater risk of bleeding after a particular high risk dental procedure.
How does the aspirin act in this regard-

48. Every year hundreds of studies are conducted across Australia in regards to various medications and medical issues, which type of study provides the strongest evidence-

49. Tooth 46 has extensive decay and is deemed unrestorable.
The patient is happy to have the tooth pulled out.
After you pull the tooth out and following the initial management, the bleeding still persists, what additional measures can you take

50. What is the most likely cause of these new signs and symptoms-

51. Which is the most likely cause of the oropharyngeal signs and symptoms-

52. The patient comes to you a few years later to have one of her upper right tooth pulled out. Her medical history reveals she went on to develop rheumatic heart disease a few years before.
What measures are you going to take before the procedure-

53. The patient expresses the desire to quit smoking. Each of the following is appropriate EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION-

54. All are common symptoms of TMDs, except-

55. Risk factor for TMDs include all except-

56. The most common temporomandibular disorder is-

57. The initial treatment of this patient should include each of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION-

58. Which should be the first action for you to take after the initial oral diagnosis and treatment plan discussion-

59. Her symptoms point out to what pulpal and periapical diagnosis Tooth #27-

60. What is the most appropriate emergency treatment for the tooth-

61. The patient says she doesn’t like to have a rubber dam for her tooth treatment (RCT), How do you approach the situation-

62. She says she wants to have her treatment done by a hygienist as they are more polite than dentists, which of the following procedures can a dental hygienist perform-

63. As you finished the patient’s treatment, you were told that there is an emergency patient with his mother outside, A 2-year-old patient had an avulsion of tooth #51 and the mother brought the tooth in a glass of milk. Which action should be performed by you-

A 25-year-old woman reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology, with complaints of brown discolored teeth and wearing away of her teeth.
She requested replacement of her teeth with dental prostheses.
The patient claimed that she experienced a similar discoloration and wearing away of her “milk teeth” (primary or deciduous teeth), which had exfoliated uneventfully.
Her family history revealed that both of her children and her husband had similar dental problems.

64. What is the most likely diagnosis-

A 25-year-old woman reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology, with complaints of brown discolored teeth and wearing away of her teeth.
She requested replacement of her teeth with dental prostheses.
The patient claimed that she experienced a similar discoloration and wearing away of her “milk teeth” (primary or deciduous teeth), which had exfoliated uneventfully.
Her family history revealed that both of her children and her husband had similar dental problems.

65. The primary goal of treatment is to-

A 25-year-old woman reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology, with complaints of brown discolored teeth and wearing away of her teeth.
She requested replacement of her teeth with dental prostheses.
The patient claimed that she experienced a similar discoloration and wearing away of her “milk teeth” (primary or deciduous teeth), which had exfoliated uneventfully.
Her family history revealed that both of her children and her husband had similar dental problems.

66. Why would endodontic therapy be difficult in her case-

A 25-year-old woman reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology, with complaints of brown discolored teeth and wearing away of her teeth.
She requested replacement of her teeth with dental prostheses.
The patient claimed that she experienced a similar discoloration and wearing away of her “milk teeth” (primary or deciduous teeth), which had exfoliated uneventfully.
Her family history revealed that both of her children and her husband had similar dental problems.

67. Her child is 6 years old having the same problem.
What could be used for the lower deciduous molars as best treatment
option-

Sten, a 45 year old female patient presents with an ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue.
She noticed this ulcer last month but she is not concerned much about it since it’s not that sore.
She is a chronic smoker and drinks alcohol almost everyday.

68. Apart from Trauma, what else should be included in the differential diagnosis-

Sten, a 45 year old female patient presents with an ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue.
She noticed this ulcer last month but she is not concerned much about it since it’s not that sore.
She is a chronic smoker and drinks alcohol almost everyday.

69. After the patient’s complaint, what is the most important thing to do-

Sten, a 45 year old female patient presents with an ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue.
She noticed this ulcer last month but she is not concerned much about it since it’s not that sore.
She is a chronic smoker and drinks alcohol almost everyday.

70. On biting, the right lateral border of the tongue was wedged between the 2nd premolar tooth root stump.
What is your Diagnosis now-

Sten, a 45 year old female patient presents with an ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue.
She noticed this ulcer last month but she is not concerned much about it since it’s not that sore.
She is a chronic smoker and drinks alcohol almost everyday.

71. What management strategies would you take-

Sten, a 45 year old female patient presents with an ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue.
She noticed this ulcer last month but she is not concerned much about it since it’s not that sore.
She is a chronic smoker and drinks alcohol almost everyday.

72. You came to know the patient is a smoker and HIV positive, what RED FLAG features are you most concerned about-

Jessica, is a 25 year old patient presenting to you today with a sore ulcer on the inner surface of her lips which has been there for 3 days now.
She is a law student and has her exams soon which is keeping her under stress.
Her sister gets similar ulcers as well.
Jessica is a smoker and consumes alcohol occasionally.

73. What is the most likely reason for her ulcer-

Jessica, is a 25 year old patient presenting to you today with a sore ulcer on the inner surface of her lips which has been there for 3 days now.
She is a law student and has her exams soon which is keeping her under stress.
Her sister gets similar ulcers as well.
Jessica is a smoker and consumes alcohol occasionally.

74. What investigation would you perform initially to arrive at a diagnosis-

Jessica, is a 25 year old patient presenting to you today with a sore ulcer on the inner surface of her lips which has been there for 3 days now.
She is a law student and has her exams soon which is keeping her under stress.
Her sister gets similar ulcers as well.
Jessica is a smoker and consumes alcohol occasionally.

75. What is your management plan-

Jessica, is a 25 year old patient presenting to you today with a sore ulcer on the inner surface of her lips which has been there for 3 days now.
She is a law student and has her exams soon which is keeping her under stress.
Her sister gets similar ulcers as well.
Jessica is a smoker and consumes alcohol occasionally.

76. She said that her sister has similar ulcers and wondering whether she has got it from her, what would you do in this situation-

Jessica, is a 25 year old patient presenting to you today with a sore ulcer on the inner surface of her lips which has been there for 3 days now.
She is a law student and has her exams soon which is keeping her under stress.
Her sister gets similar ulcers as well.
Jessica is a smoker and consumes alcohol occasionally.

77. What would be your management if the ulcer fails to heal after 2 weeks-